Judaism is, together with Christianism and Islam, one of the three monotheistic religions and it is the most ancient among them. The central element is the devotion to an only god and a permanent pact between Him and his People. The religious law is the Torah, the revealed text from God to Moses and reported into the five books of the Pentateuch. For two-thousand years from the 70th A.D., when the Roman conquerors destroyed the Jerusalem temple, until 1948, when the state of Israel was instituted, the Jewish people lived in exile, the so called ‘Diaspora’. The Jews were dispersed in many lands of the world by still keeping their own cultural identity. In 1516 in Venice the first ghetto was created, by starting the long lasting tradition to seclude these communities into well-defined urban spaces, according to behaviour of mistrust or open intolerance that found its climax into the Nazi persecution. Actually the Jewish population counts ca. 12 million people, between Israel, the States and other continents.